Hospital Superbugs

Pomegranate - Super-foods to Fight Super Bugs

With the need for more antibiotics to cope with increasingly resilient strains of bacteria, research scientists are turning their attentions to more natural alternatives, but is this research fragmented, rather than providing a tool for all hospitals to use in their fight against ‘super bugs’, such as MRSA?

Antibiotics are not the answer to super bugs

MRSA began as a lowlier bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus (SA). This was treatable with the antibiotic, methicillin. However, some strains of SA became resilient to methicillin and other derivatives, giving rise to the much-publicised ‘super-bugs’ Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). These bacteria seem to have found their way into almost every hospital in the country and have even caused fatalities. Yet, there have been no further antibiotics created to combat these infections. Professor Anthony Coates of the St. George’s hospital in London draws this into sharp perspective when he revealed that, “about 20 new classes of antibiotics were marketed between 1940 and 1969, yet only three have been marketed since. In all classes, resistance has arisen. Most antibiotics come from nature, so it is very valid to look at natural sources.”

Another reason to investigate the effects of natural products could be the lack of potential side effects that they have, when compared to synthetic antibiotics. A team of research scientists from the University of Kingston have discovered that Pomegranate rind, when combined with a quantity of vitamin C and particular metal salts, holds properties that could be very useful in the fight against MRSA. The immediate options would seem to be that this compound could be developed into an infection-fighting cream. Longer-term plans would aim to create a new antibiotic that MRSA has not become resilient to.

Natural alternatives?

While Professor Declan Naughton from the School of Life Sciences has declared the results of the three-year study as “a significant breakthrough and a striking example of the effectiveness of adding more components to create a more active product”, many are left wondering whether there should be a more cohesive approach from the Health Service as a whole. Staff at the Royal University Hospital in Bath have taken to using medical-grade Manuka honey and the sterilised larvae of the green-bottle fly to treat infections in wounds. Surrey is researching the benefits of other natural products and Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust spent £940,000 on building, equipment and staffing costs - yet only 2.6% of the 18,697 patients screened tested positive for MRSA. Only 0.9% of the 13,500 elective patients screened at Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust tested positive, but it cost the Trust almost £300,000.

It seems that all hospitals have recognised and identified MRSA as a very real threat, but are responding to it individually, as opposed to as a unit. Without a central core dedicated to the eradication of MRSA, the NHS could find itself in a position where we are relying on the findings of other countries such as Holland, where a recent study has challenged the idea that MRSA is a community-transmitted bacterium. Instead, it suggests that the infection is passed on by elderly patients with continuing health problems and who visit hospitals on a regular basis. Whatever the cause, it seems that in the fight against the onslaught of the superbugs, the medical profession is turning back to natural alternatives as possible weapons in the battle against infection.

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